FAQ’s About Caspian Lake Levels
Further to recent discussions on the level of Caspian Lake this message is intended to help clarify how the lake level is currently managed.
The Greensboro Association (GA), which was formed over 90 years ago with a goal of protecting Caspian Lake, comprises a group of volunteer members – the Watershed Stewards – that take a stewardship role in monitoring the lake level and making emergency requests regarding the lake level, acting as liaisons with the State (who controls the level), and Hardwick Electric (who owns the dam), as well as with other local entities and state agencies.
Over the past 10 years, the GA has requested greater control of Caspian’s lake level management on the basis that the shoreline is stressed by human impact, the dam is stressed (currently rated poor in reports), and the extreme highs and recent lows of the lake level may be adversely affecting the health of the lake. This conversation is ongoing regarding lake level management practices with the state and dam repairs with Hardwick Electric. We welcome interested parties to join us in conversation about ways to improve the stewardship of Caspian Lake and its surrounding environment.
CASPIAN LAKE DAM AND LAKE LEVEL FAQ’S
Who makes the decision as to what the lake level should be?
- The State of Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (ANR) has jurisdiction over the waters of all inland lakes within the State. Within the ANR, the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) is responsible for managing levels for each body of water.
- For lakes with dams, the State no longer allows Utilities to manage lake levels through storage and dispersal for hydroelectric production. The DEC now controls the adjustment of the Utility’s dams.
- The Caspian Lake dam is owned by Hardwick Electric (HE). The General Manager of HE is Sarah Braese.
- The HE dam was installed in 1926. From 1926 through the late 1940s the lake was subject to dramatic drawdowns by HE each fall. Since then, the lake has more or less maintained its present levels.
- The Caspian Lake dam has a weir gate that can influence the lake levels. While HE has the key to the weir to adjust flow through the dam, HE is not permitted to adjust the weir gate without DEC’s approval.
- The DEC has instructed all Utilities to leave the lake levels to a run of nature.
How often are levels checked, and who makes requests to increase or lower levels, and why has the level been so low this summer?
- The lake level at the dam is monitored twice every month. This measurement is currently done by John Schweizer. The latest reading taken on August 15, 2025 showed the water level at 5.5” inch below the Caspian Lake Dam’s spillway, which is 8.9” inches below the 8-year average for that date.
- Vermont is now in drought conditions. Water is still flowing through the weir gate which is essential for the maintenance of downstream aquatic life in Greensboro Brook.
- In the past ten years, the Watershed Stewards have made emergency requests due to high water events. Stew Arnold and John Schweizer have taken the lead on making these requests. All requests go to the DEC Dam Engineers for approval. If the DEC approves the request, Hardwick Electric is then instructed to adjust the weir gate accordingly. Any subsequent change needs to follow the same approval process.
What requests were made in 2023 and 2024 following heavy rain events and flooding?
- On July 10th, 2023, due to the heavy rain event and rapidly rising water levels on Caspian Lake, Stew Arnold made an emergency request to DEC Dam Engineers, who in turn instructed HE, to open the weir gate from 7 inches to fully open. This request was made in response to Caspian’s lake level rising 20 inches following the first 6 inches of rain, with additional water continuing to flow from the oversaturated watershed. Even with the gate fully open, the lake level rose to a peak lake level of 4 inches over the southern dam wall immediately following the storm. In September 2023, when the lake level returned to fall averages, DEC approved adjusting the weir gate back to a 7 inch opening.
- On July 8th, 2024, two days before the arrival of Hurricane Beryl, Stew Arnold requested that DEC Dam Engineers approve proactively releasing water ahead of the storm’s arrival to Greensboro. DEC Dam Engineer Ben Green approved the request and instructed HE to open the weir fully and check downstream for precautions. HE opened the weir gate to 11 inches before the storm arrived on July 10th. With the weir at 11 inch opening, the lake level increased to just shy of breaching the southern dam wall before receding. The lake level remained above averages until late June of 2025.
What requests have been made this summer to increase lake levels?
- In early August, the Watershed Stewards requested the weir setting be returned to a 7 inch opening as Caspian Lake level was below average. This was denied by the Dam Engineer Ben Green on the basis that emergency conditions were not met, and that the lower lake level is less stressful to the dam.
- On August 28th, a second request was made to adjust the weir setting to a 2 inch opening to slow the decreasing lake level resulting from the current drought conditions, which have been forecasted beyond 30 days and because the current lake level is below the footings of the dam therefore causing minimal stress on the structure. The request also included the desire to adjust the weir gate back to the 7 inch opening when the lake level returns to its average level. DEC also denied this request.
- In explaining the denial, Dam Engineer Ben Green said, “Low flows and levels are being observed at lakes, reservoirs, and streams throughout Vermont. At this time, further reducing flows to downstream receiving waters is not being allowed and adjusting gates more closed to more open later on violates water quality requirements and given the dam safety considerations here, is not preferred.”
- The Watershed Stewards have worked diligently for many years to document and advocate for greater local control of Caspian’s lake levels but devastating back to back flooding events have delayed progress. The DEC is continuing to listen to the GA requests for greater control and has planned a program review to establish such a process.
- As Vermont’s drought conditions continue, the GA’s Watershed Stewards will continue to closely monitor Caspian Lake and its interconnected ecosystems.
How often is the lake water tested and who does that testing?
- VT-DEC tests Caspian Lake once a year for Summer Phosphorus.
- The GA’s Lay Monitoring program tests Caspian Lake 6 times (2 in June, 2 in July, 2 in August) for Clarity, Phosphorous (nutrient measure), Chlorophyll (photosynthesis measure), Caffeine (human influence).
- The GA’s Tributary Monitoring program tests 5 streams that feed water into Caspian Lake. These tests also happen 6 times (2 in June, 2 in July, 2 in August) for Clarity, Phosphorous (nutrient measure), plus 1 stream is sampled for Chlorine.
- The GA assists the Town Health Officers in testing the lake for Swim Area safety. These tests typically happen in response to emergency situations.
Who are the Watershed Stewards and what is their role with Caspian Lake? Who in town can I contact if I have questions about lake level or water quality?
- The Watershed Stewards are a volunteer group that operates under the GA’s Lakes & Environmental Stewardship Committee (which is currently co-chaired by Stew Arnold and Ken Connolly). This committee also oversees the Lake Wise and Stream Wise programs, the Watershed Action Plan, and numerous other core activities that protect the health and wellbeing of Caspian Lake, its watershed, and the environment of our greater Greensboro community.
- Currently the volunteer GA watershed stewards that comprise the working group monitoring the lake level on a biweekly basis are Stew Arnold, John Schweizer, Paul Brierre, Ken Connolly, Chris Steel (also Chair of Greensboro’s Conservation Commission), Naomi Ranz-Schleifer (as President of the Greensboro Association), and MacNeil (as Chair of the Greensboro Selectboard).
- Stew Arnold – [email protected]
- John Schweizer – [email protected]
- Paul Brierre – [email protected]
- Ken Connolly – [email protected]
- Chris Steel – [email protected]
- Naomi Ranz-Schleifer – [email protected]
- MacNeil – [email protected]
- For health concerns related to water quality:
- Karl Stein – Town Health Officer
- Christine Armstrong – Deputy Town Health Officer – [email protected]